Methodological considerations of digital video observation: beyond conversation analysis
Christopher Pearce
President, Whitehorse Division of General Practice, Melbourne VIC
Michael Arnold
Research Associate, Australian Centre for Science, Innovation and Society; Lecturer, Department of History and Philosophy of Science, University of Melbourne, VIC
Christine Phillips
Academic Unit of General Practice and Community Health, Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra ACT
Kathryn Dwan
Academic Unit of General Practice and Community Health, Medical School, Australian National University, Canberra ACT
PP: 90 - 99
Abstract
This paper discusses some of the methodological issues of using digital video data in observational studies. It is based on the authors' experiences in research involving medical consultations. Previous observational studies in this field have used either direct observation or analogue videotapes. Traditionally, analysis is then done on transcriptions of the tapes, using conversation analysis or other techniques. These techniques were formed and created using largely analogue audiotapes. We will demonstrate how digital video increases the richness of data, such that conversation analysis becomes interaction analysis. Additionally, we argue that digital video changes the relationship between reader, researcher and data. A consideration of these changes is important to framing a comprehensive methodological approach to using digital video observation. Digital video needs to be considered in terms of what it offers in and of itself, rather than relating it to other techniques
Keywords
Qualitative Research, Observational techniques, Methodology, Physician-Patient Relationship, Video Observation, Hermeneutics
Article Text
Video observation has two principal advantages over other observational techniques. It records more information than could otherwise be captured [i.e. density of information] and it allows retention of that information [i.e. permanence] (Grimshaw 1982). Videorecordings should not, however, be seen as a total record of a social interaction, rather they constitute one part of a complete ethnographic approach (Corsaro 1982), ideally informed by theory. Videotaping allows reviewing of the interaction at a number of sequential levels; the whole event, major constituents and then particular aspects of organization within the event (Erickson 1982). These elements of video make it particularly useful for a hermeneutic interpretation of emotional nuances, embodied perceptions, spatial influences, relational understandings, situational factors and temporal manifestations (Raingruber 2003), all things that have significance in the medical consultation. The hermeneutical advantages of digital video data will be discussed shortly
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